Injuries and Conditions
Areas and Types of Injuries and Conditions
Injuries often involve a traumatic incident to the musculoskeletal system, as opposed to other conditions that appear more gradually due to degenerative or congenital processes. Both injuries and conditions affect muscles, bones, joints, cartilages and ligaments and will fall into two main categories.
Back and Neck
- Acute sprains and strains
- Disk problems (herniated disk, degenerative disc disease, compression fracture)
- Facet joint osteoarthritis/dysfunction
- Spondylolysis/ Spondylolisthesis (“slipped vertebral body”)
- Spinal stenosis
- Scoliosis
- Whiplash injury
- Torticollis (wry neck)
- Radiculopathy (pinched nerve)/ Sciatica
- Muscle weakness/ poor core stability
- Rib dysfunction
Shoulder
- Fractures of the upper arm (humerus)
- Collar bone(clavicle)
- Shoulder blade (scapula)
- Dislocation or subluxation of the shoulder joints (glenohumeral and/or acromioclavicular joints
- Rotator cuff pathology
- Rotator cuff degeneration/tendinopathy
- Rotator cuff tears partial/complete
- Calific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff
- Impingement syndromes
- Bursitis
- Surgical fixation of fractures
- Surgical stabilisation following dislocation
- Surgical repair of rotator cuff
Elbow
- Common and complex fractures of the elbow
- Complex fracture dislocations of the elbow
- Dislocation of the elbow
- Radial head fractures
Locking of the elbow due to:
- Loose bodies
- Bone spurs (osteophytes)
- Impingement conditions
- Sprained ligaments from traumatic injuries e.g. Hyperextension
- ‘Tennis elbow’ (Lateral Epicondylitis/Common Extensor Tendinopathy)
- ‘Golfers elbow’ (Medial Epicondylitis/Common Flexor Tendinopathy)
- Overuse/RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury) conditions of the tendons, joints and nerves of the elbow and forearm
- Arthritis
Wrist and Hand
- Common and complex fractures of the wrist,hand and lower forearm e.g. Colles
- Fracture of the radius, Scaphoid fractures
- Fracture dislocations of the wrist
- Wrist ligament sprains
- Cartilage injuries (triangular cartilage of the wrist)
- Scapho-lunate dissociation
Overuse/RSI conditions of wrist and finger tendons, including:
- Tendinopathy
- Tenosynovitis
- Tenovaginitis
- De Quervains
- Arthritis
Thumb and Fingers
- Fractures
- Fracture dislocations
- Dislocations
- Ligament sprains
- Tendonitis/tendinopathy
- Tendon ruptures
- Traumatic hand injuries managed with plastic surgery
- Complex sympathetic mediated pain syndromes/RSD (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
Hip Region
- Fractures
- Complex fracture dislocations
Cartilage injuries/conditions including:
- Degenerative wear and tear changes
- Labral tears (tears to a ring of cartilage that lines the opening of the hip socket which is very common in athletes.)
FAI (Femoro-Acetabular Impingement) which can be due to ‘Cam’ lesions, bony thickening of the neck of the thigh bone Femur, and/or ‘Pincer’ lesions, which are like bony outcrops arising from the outer rim of the hip socket and catch the impinge bone and joint tissues.
Groin (adductor) tendon injuries/conditions, including:
- Tendinopathy
- Partial tears
- Ruptures
- Muscle-tendon junction tears
- Muscle strains
- Gluteal tendinopathy
- Proximal hamstring tendinopathy
- Psoas tendon bursitis
- Piriformis syndrome
Adolescent growth plate (Apophysis) conditions, including:
- Slipped capital epiphysis
- Avulsion or ‘tug’ injuries at the sites of the ASIS, AIIS, Ischial Tuberosity etc.
- Contusions to muscles surrounding the hip eg. ‘charlie horse’, ‘hip-pointers’
- Hip joint replacements (arthroplasty)
Knee
- Patella tendonitis
- Meniscal tear
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries
- Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injuries
- Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) injuries
- Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) injuries
- Knee Bursitis
- Patellofemoral Syndrome
- Chondromalacia Patella
- Patella Dislocation/Subluxation
- Patella Fracture
- Knee Osteoarthritis
- Baker’s Cyst
- Quadriceps tendonitis/strain/tear
- Harmstrings tendonitis/strain/tear
- Iliotibial band syndrome (ITB)
- Knee Instability
- Swelling around the knee (acute knee injury)
Foot and Ankle
- Common and complex fractures to the foot and ankle
- Surgical fixation of foot and ankle fractures
- Lisfranc injuries
- Avulsion fractures
Stress fractures to:
- Distal tibia /fibula
- Navicular
- Metatarsals
- Ligament sprains and ruptures
- Ruptures to the Achilles tendon (also known as Tendo-Achilles)
Overuse syndromes & tendinopathies:
- Tibialis anterior
- Tibialis posterior
- Peroneals
- Achilles (insertional & mid-tendon)
- Plantar-fasciitis/Calcaneal/Heel spur
- Anterior & posterior impingement of the ankle
- Developmental/ growth plate conditions
- Severs Disease(growth plate at the back of the heel)
- Traumatic growth plate injuries
- Pain related to flat feet (Pes Planus)
- Pain related to high arch feet (Pes Cavus)
- Bunions (Hallux Valgus)
- Hallux Rigidus
- Arthritis of foot and ankle joints
- Gout
- Post-Surgical Rehabilitation following foot and ankle surgery
